“Observations of growth and caloric intake of two polar bears (Ursus maritimus) hand raised using a revised protocol”
Mark S. Edwards, Ph. D., Karen J. Lisi, MEM, MS
Table 1. Selected nutrient composition of formulas used for hand-rearing polar bears, species milk composition and a standard formula used for rearing non-specialized bear species.
|
dry matter basis |
||||||||
|
Item |
Total Solids, % |
ME, kcal/g |
Crude Protein, % |
Whey, % |
Casein, % |
Whey: Casein |
Crude Fat, % |
Total CHO, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Formula |
||||||||
|
SDZ, 30-March |
26.3 |
6.12 |
19.7 |
5.8 |
15.2 |
28:72 |
45.7 |
30.7 |
|
SDZ, 05-April |
30.5 |
6.06 |
20.1 |
6.0 |
15.5 |
28:72 |
44.5 |
31.5 |
|
SDZ, 05-August |
30.5 |
5.85 |
21.7 |
6.4 |
16.7 |
28:72 |
40.4 |
33.8 |
|
Brookfield, 2001a |
18.5 |
6.31 |
30.6 |
- |
- |
- |
53.0 |
10.0 |
|
Polar bear milk |
||||||||
|
Jenness |
47.6 |
- |
22.9 |
8.0 |
14.9 |
35:65 |
69.5 |
0.6 |
|
3 mos. postpartum |
52.4 |
7.71 |
20.0 |
- |
- |
- |
68.3 |
9.0 |
|
10 mos. postpartum |
43.8 |
7.63 |
27.6 |
- |
- |
- |
62.8 |
4.1 |
aKerri Silfka, MS, Nutritionist, Chicago Zoological Society, personal communication
Table 2. Selected nutrient composition of formulas used for hand-rearing polar bears.
|
dry matter basis |
||||||||
|
Item |
Total Solids, % |
Ca, % |
P, % |
Fe, ppm |
Zn, ppm |
Vitamin A, IU/kg |
Vitamin E, IU/kg |
Vitamin D3, IU/kg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
SDZ, 30-March |
26.3 |
0.62 |
0.45 |
61.1 |
45.7 |
17976 |
113 |
3946 |
|
SDZ, 05-April |
30.5 |
0.63 |
0.46 |
62.5 |
46.6 |
18397 |
111 |
4038 |
|
SDZ, 05-August |
30.5 |
0.68 |
0.49 |
67.2 |
50.1 |
19786 |
104 |
4343 |
|
Brookfield, 2001a |
18.5 |
0.96 |
0.69 |
143.8 |
51.0 |
52124 |
212 |
8346 |
Figure
1. Growth of two hand-reared polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
from d 90 to 342.