Calvert, W., and M. A. Ramsay. 1998. Evaluation of age determination of polar bears by counts of cementum growth layer groups. Ursus 10:449­53.

Calvert, W., and I. Stirling. 1990. Interactions between polar bears and overwintering walruses in the central Canadian High Arctic. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 8:351­56.

Clarkson, P. L., and D. Irish. 1991. Den collapse kills female polar bear and two newborn cubs. Arctic 44:83­84.

Clutton-Brock, T. H., F. E. Guinness, and S. D. Alban. 1982. Red deer: Behavior and ecology of two sexes. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Craighead, J. J., and J. A. Mitchell. 1982. Grizzly bear. Pages 515­56 in J. Chapman and G. Feldhamer, eds. Wild mammals of North America: Biology, management, and economics. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.

Cronin, M. A. 1993. Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes. Wildlife Society Bulletin 21:339­48.

Cronin, M. A., S. C. Amstrup, G. W. Garner, and E. R. Vyse. 1991. Interspecific and intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in North American bears (Ursus). Canadian Journal of Zoology 69:2985­92.

DeMaster, D. P., and I. Stirling. 1981. Ursus maritimus. Polar bear. Mammalian Species 145:1­7.

DeMaster, D. P., M. C. S. Kingsley, and I. Stirling. 1980. A multiple mark and recapture estimate applied to polar bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology 58:633­38.

Derocher, A. E., and I. Stirling. 1990. Distribution of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) during the ice-free period in western Hudson Bay. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68:1395­1403.

Derocher, A. E., and I. Stirling. 1992. The population dynamics of polar bears in western Hudson Bay. Pages 1150­59 in D. R. McCullough and R. H. Barrett, eds. Wildlife 2001: Populations. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Derocher A. E., and I. Stirling. 1994. Age-specific reproductive performance of female polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Journal of Zoology (London) 234:527­36.

Derocher, A. E., and I. Stirling. 1995a. Estimation of polar bear population size and survival in western Hudson Bay. Journal of Wildlife Management 59:215­21.

Derocher, A. E., and I. Stirling. 1995b. Temporal variation in reproduction and body mass of polar bears in western Hudson Bay. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73:1657­65.

Derocher, A. E., and I. Stirling. 1996. Aspects of survival in juvenile polar bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74:1246­52.

Derocher, A. E., and Ø. Wiig. 1999. Infanticide and cannibalism of juvenile polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in Svalbard. Arctic 52:307­10.

Derocher, A. E., R. A. Nelson, I. Stirling, and M. A. Ramsay. 1990. Effects of fasting and feeding on serum urea and serum creatinine levels in polar bears. Marine Mammal Science 6:196­203.

Derocher, A. E., I. Stirling, and D. Andriashek. 1992. Pregnancy rates and serum progesterone levels of polar bears in western Hudson Bay. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70:561­66.

Derocher, A. E., D. Andriashek, and I. Stirling. 1993. Terrestrial foraging by polar bears during the ice­free period in western Hudson Bay. Arctic 46:251­ 54.

Derocher, A. E., I. Stirling, and W. Calvert. 1997. Male-biased harvesting of polar bears in western Hudson Bay. Journal of Wildlife Management 61:1075­ 82.

Derocher, A. E., Ø. Wiig, and G. Bangjord. 2000. Predation of Svalbard reindeer by polar bears. Polar Biology 23:675­78.

Dick, T. A., and M. Belosevic. 1978. Observations on a Trichinella spiralis isolate from a polar bear. Journal of Parasitology 64:1143­45.

Durner, G. M., and S. C. Amstrup. 1995. Movements of a polar bear from northern Alaska to northern Greenland. Arctic 48:338­41.

Durner, G. M., and S. C. Amstrup. 1996. Mass and body-dimension relationships of polar bears in northern Alaska. Wildlife Society Bulletin 24:480­84.

Durner, G. M., S. C. Amstrup, and K. J. Ambrosius. 2001. Remote identification of polar bear maternal den habitat in northern Alaska. Arctic 54:115­21.

Durner, G. M., S. C. Amstrup, and A. S. Fischbach. 2003. Habitat characteristics of polar bear terrestrial maternal den sites in northen Alaska. Arctic 56(1):55­62.