Polar Bear Facts

Polar Bear Mom and 1 coy Snuggle on a rocky coast, Churchill, Manitoba
Photo: Erinn McNicol / Polar Bears International

From their origin story and characteristics to their habitat and diet, we’re giving you an in-depth look into the life of a polar bear.

Photo: Kt Miller / Polar Bears International
Polar Bear on the Tundra Next to Open Water - Kt Miller

How the Sea Bear Got Its Name

While they likely evolved between 343,000-479,000 years ago, the polar bear didn’t receive its Latin name until 1774. Ursus maritimus refers to the animal's close association with the Arctic's chilly waters and sea ice.

Name & Evolution

Where They Live and Eat

A polar bear’s home is on the sea ice, where it hunts seals at open leads and breathing holes. The bears prey on both ringed and bearded seals across their range, but will take other prey when available.

Polar bears may travel more than 1,000 km in one season.

The size of a polar bear's range depends on many factors, including the quality of the sea ice and the availability of their seal prey.

They can eat more than 45 kg (100 lb) of blubber in one sitting.

When hunting is good, and a polar bear's body is in good condition, the bear may eat only the seal's blubber and skin.

Photo: Jenny Wong
A Mother Polar Bear and Her Yearling Cub on Land Near Churchill - Jenny Wong

Growing Through the Seasons

Female polar bears typically have a litter every 3 years starting at age 5. Newborns weigh little more than half a kilogram (one lb) and are ~30-35 cm long. They are blind, toothless, and covered with short, soft fur.

Life Cycle

What They’re Like in the Arctic

From fur to skin, to paws and claws, the polar bear’s physique is built to dominate the Arctic. They are a vital part of this vulnerable ecosystem and a charismatic symbol of the North.

They wag their heads to indicate they want to play.

Adult bears initiate play—which is actually ritualized fighting or mock battling—by standing on their hind legs, chin lowered to their chests, with front paws hanging by their sides.

Polar bears can grow to 590 kg and stand 3 meters tall.

Adult males normally weigh between 350 and 590 kg (772 and 1300 lb). Adult females, like Anuri, usually weigh between 150 and 295 kg (331 and 650 lb), but can get bigger in some regions.

Photo: Shannon Curtis
Mother with 2 coys on snow playing in Wapusk National Park

Their Fate is in Our Hands

Scientists estimate that there are currently about 26,000 polar bears worldwide. But without action on climate change, a 2020 study shows that we will lose all but a few polar bear populations by the end of the century.

Endangered Status
Mother bear looking back at 1 cub, standing on ice
Photo: Tim Auer

Meet Anuri. She’ll be your guide.

Anuri's sharp eyes, keen nose, and careful hearing help her find prey and teach her cub how to survive on the Arctic sea ice. Follow her journey across the sea ice on our Polar Bear Tracker!

Polar Bear Tracker